What are the three levels of Kohlberg's theory of moral development?

Kohlberg's theory of moral development delineates three distinct levels: preconventional, conventional, and postconventional. This framework outlines how individuals progress through different stages of moral reasoning as they develop.

At the preconventional level, moral reasoning is primarily driven by the consequences of actions and the avoidance of punishment. This stage is typically seen in young children, where the focus is on self-interest and obeying rules to avoid negative outcomes.

The conventional level arises as individuals begin to internalize societal norms and values. Here, moral reasoning is based on maintaining social order, gaining approval from others, and fulfilling obligations. This level is associated with adherence to laws and social expectations, which reflects a broader understanding of morality that goes beyond immediate consequences.

Finally, the postconventional level represents an advanced stage of moral reasoning. In this stage, individuals recognize that laws and rules can be flawed and may prioritize ethical principles and justice over strict adherence to authority. This level involves personal moral reasoning and a commitment to universal ethical standards.

Understanding Kohlberg's three levels of moral development allows for insights into how individuals' ethical reasoning evolves over time, responding to both personal and societal factors. The other choices mentioned in the question refer to different theories and concepts, such as