What role does the umbilical cord play in childbirth?

The umbilical cord plays a crucial role in childbirth by connecting the fetus to the placenta, which is essential for nutrient and oxygen exchange. During pregnancy, the placenta acts as the interface between the mother and the fetus, providing essential nutrients and oxygen needed for fetal development. The umbilical cord contains blood vessels that transport these vital substances from the placenta to the fetus, while also carrying waste products away from the fetus to the placenta for disposal. This connection is vital for maintaining the health and growth of the developing fetus throughout gestation.

The other options do not accurately describe the role of the umbilical cord. The umbilical cord does not facilitate breathing for the newborn since the fetus receives oxygen via the placenta, not through the lungs until birth. It does not serve as a conduit for maternal blood; instead, it carries blood to and from the fetus. Additionally, the umbilical cord does not regulate fetal movement, as movement is primarily influenced by factors such as the space within the uterus and the developing musculature of the fetus.